基于GPT2w模型化加权平均温度反演可降水量     

翟树峰  吕志平  李林阳  吕浩  邝英才  王方超 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(7):733-737

提出一种基于GPT2w模型化加权平均温度反演大气可降水量的方法，并分析附加系统偏差改正的模型化加权平均温度对可降水量的影响。结果表明，基于GPT2w模型化加权平均温度反演的大气可降水量的精度与基于Bevis公式计算的加权平均温度反演的大气可降水量的精度相当；对GPT2w模型化加权平均温度进行系统偏差改正后，大气可降水量的精度有一定改善，但改善率不到1%。  相似文献   

气汞的第一个同震效应记录   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

车用太  杨丽  何镧  鱼金子 《中国地震研究》2017,31(1):136-138

利用杭州超距科技有限公司最近研发的ATG-6138型测汞仪在云南省弥勒井气汞（Hg）观测中记录到尼泊尔8.1级地震的同震效应。这是我国气汞观测的第一个同震效应的纪录。这一事实表明了进一步提升地震地下流体化学量观测仪器的观测精度与采样率，有可能记录到固体潮与同震效应等更多的地壳动力作用信息，从而进一步提升其地震前兆监测能力。  相似文献   

Crack nucleation in saturated porous media     

Luc Dormieux  Eric Lemarchand  Thomas Carlioz  Laurent Jeannin 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(5):553-574

Crack nucleation has been the subject of important contributions in the last two last decades. However, it seems that few attention has been granted to the case of saturated porous media. This is the question addressed in the present paper which is devoted to nucleation in traction mode. From a physical point of view, nucleation is a sudden phenomenon, so that the material response is both adiabatic and undrained. In the spirit of the variational approach, the nucleated crack is viewed as the final state of a region of space in which the material undergoes a full damage process. In traction mode, the opening of a saturated crack in undrained condition induces a drop of fluid pressure. In case of low fluid compressibility, the presence of the fluid delays the brittle failure usually associated with nucleation, as long as the fluid pressure remains above the saturation vapor pressure. Nucleation is therefore possible only if a partial vaporization of the fluid takes place.  相似文献   

对流层延迟与可降水量直接转换模型研究     

李黎  宋越  易金花  田莹  周嘉陵 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(5):492-495

采用线性回归和最小二乘法拟合建立无线电探空可降水量（RS-PWV）与GPS对流层延迟（GPS-ZTD）、地面温度及大气压之间的直接转换模型，并将直接转换模型得到的PWV分别与RS-PWV及GPS反演得到的可降水量（GPS-PWV）进行比较。结果表明，RS-PWV与GPS-ZTD之间存在良好的线性关系，相关系数达0.927 6；RS-PWV与4阶拟合温度和大气压呈现较好的相关性，相关系数分别为0.640 1和－0.626 3；基于ZTD的单阶单因子模型PWV与GPS-PWV的相关系数达到0.969 9；基于ZTD、温度及大气压的单阶多因子模型PWV比基于ZTD的单阶单因子模型PWV精度明显提高，RMS从4.3 mm提高到3.3 mm。  相似文献   

Time series analysis of CO concentrations from an Eastern Kentucky coal fire     

James C. Hower  Jennifer M.K. O'Keefe  Kevin R. Henke  Amirhossein Bagherieh 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2011,88(4):227

Coal fires in natural outcrops, in abandoned and active coal mines, and in coal and coal-refuse piles are responsible for the uncontrolled emissions of gases, including CO, CO₂, H₂S, hydrocarbons, and volatile aromatics. Typically, measurements of gases at a mine vent are made over a short time interval, perhaps no more than 10 min, including the time for replicate measurements. Such timing provides little information on longer-term variations in emissions, although comparisons of seasonal measurements suggest such changes do occur. To address this problem, we placed temperature and CO data loggers in coal fire vents to collect time series measurements for a period of up to three weeks. For one experiment, 11 days of data at one-minute intervals indicated that the CO emissions were generally in the 400–550 ppmv range. However near daily depressions in CO concentrations occurred and in some cases fell below 50 ppmv; followed by an increase to ~ 700–800 ppmv; in turn followed by a return to the ambient conditions. Data for a separate 21-day collection period in a different vent of the same fire exhibited similar trends, albeit at a higher CO concentration. The drop in CO concentration may be associated with a meteorologically-driven inhalation cycle of the fire, whereby air diluted the combustion generated CO. We propose this was followed by an increase in the intensity of the fire due to increased O₂ from the inhaled air, producing increased CO concentrations, before settling back to the ambient conditions.  相似文献   

镉和汞胁迫对四角蛤蜊（Mactra veneriformis）血细胞的毒性损伤研究     

王晓宇  杨红生  邢坤  王清 《海洋与湖沼》2011,42(6):850-856

采用透射电镜观察、溶酶体膜稳定性衡量和微核生成率检测的方法,系统研究了室内模拟Cd和Hg污染胁迫对四角蛤蜊血细胞的毒性损伤。结果表明,Cd对四角蛤蜊血细胞超微结构的损伤表现出明显的浓度依赖效应,125μg/L Cd胁迫下血细胞结构损伤程度高于25μg/L Cd胁迫;不同浓度Cd和Hg暴露14天后,各处理组（2μg/L ...  相似文献   

基于HYSPLIT4的一次四川盆地夏季暴雨水汽路径和源地分析   总被引：12，自引：6，他引：6  

王佳津  王春学  陈朝平  任伟 《气象》2015,41(11):1315-1327

利用四川省156站气象资料、全球同化系统(GDAS)资料,引入拉格朗日混合单粒子轨道模型(HYSPLIT4),定量分析了2013年7月7—11日四川盆地西部暴雨的水汽输送情况。结果表明：此次暴雨过程的水汽主要来自950和850 hPa,并且两者的水汽路径和来源有着显著差别。后向追踪1天,950和850 hPa的水汽来源大值区都出现在四川盆地区;追踪3天,950 hPa的水汽来源大值区仍然在四川盆地附近,但是850 hPa上则追踪到孟加拉湾东部;追踪到9天时,950 hPa的水汽主要来源出现在阿拉伯海到我国南海地区,850 hPa上则追踪到索马里半岛东部。总体上950 hPa的水汽输送路径有五条,其中两条是北方路径,另外三条为南方路径。850 hPa的水汽输送路径有两条,一条是北方路径,另一条是南方路径。定量分析指出,950 hPa的水汽源地主要有四个,其中阿拉伯海—孟加拉湾地区的水汽输送贡献率最大（44.1%）,中南半岛—南海地区的水汽贡献率次之（33.1%）,巴尔喀什湖地区（15.7%）和贝加尔湖地区（7.1%）的水汽贡献率相对较弱。850 hPa上的水汽源地也有四个,其中从阿拉伯海地区,沿南亚夏季风爆发路径而来的暖湿空气最重要（89.4%）,其次从西北部巴尔喀什湖—贝加尔湖地区而来的干冷空气相对较弱（6.3%）,而来自孟加拉湾（3%）和局地（1.3%）的水汽则非常少。  相似文献   

太行山对北京“7.21”特大暴雨的影响及水汽敏感性分析的数值研究   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  

王宇虹  徐国强  贾丽红  赵阳 《气象》2015,41(4):389-400

运用GRAPES_Meso模式对2012年7月21—22日发生在北京地区附近的特大暴雨过程进行数值模拟和地形、水汽的敏感性试验。地形敏感性试验发现,在这次特大暴雨过程中,由于太行山北端的阻挡作用,使得气流和水汽辐合、抬升,加强了对流过程;对流层低层山前东南风和西南风、北风的辐合带增大了气旋性涡度,使东移到北京的低涡稳定维持5 h左右,对降水有明显的增幅作用;而且地形起伏和地形海拔高度对降水都有明显增幅作用,地形起伏的增幅作用较地形高度的大。水汽敏感性试验发现在这次特大暴雨过程中,水汽条件较小的变化,会导致水汽输送的明显差异,从而导致降水量显著地改变。  相似文献   

地形和水汽对“7.13”陕西暴雨影响的数值试验     

袁有林  左洪超  董龙翔  朱岩  王士新  袁媛 《干旱气象》2015,33(2)

应用WRF V3.5中尺度模式,对陕西省2013年7月12~13日的一次暴雨过程进行数值模拟,并设计了降低地形和减少水汽含量2个敏感性试验,探讨了地形和水汽对本次暴雨过程的影响。结果表明:(1)模式能较好地模拟出本次暴雨天气过程,反映出了主要雨带的形状,但模拟的降水量存在偏差,其可能原因是初始场不能合理反映大气实况;(2)嵌套区域d02的地形高度降低至原始高度的1/3后,107°E~109°E范围的散度垂直剖面呈辐合—辐散的双重结构,暴雨区上空中低层假相当位温梯度变大,垂直上升运动增强,进而改变了降水的强度和范围;(3)将初始场中暴雨区南面的水汽含量减少20%后,水汽通量散度极值中心值减少1/3,进而导致模拟区域的雨量减少了58%,表明偏南水汽的输送对本次暴雨雨量有显著增幅作用,暴雨过程中水汽聚集程度是判断暴雨过程雨量大小的关键因素之一。  相似文献   

DISCREPANCY OF THE GLOBAL AIR MASS AND WATER BUDGETS AMONG 20 CMIP5 CLIMATE MODELS     

秦育婧  卢楚翰  管兆勇  智海 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2015,21(3):265-275

The consistency of global atmospheric mass and water budget performance in 20 state-of-the-art ocean–atmosphere Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) coupled models has been assessed in a historical experiment. All the models realistically reproduce a climatological annual mean of global air mass (AM) close to the ERA-Interim AM during 1989–2005. Surprisingly, the global AM in half of the models shows nearly no seasonal variation, which does not agree with the seasonal processes of global precipitable water or water vapor, given the mass conservation constraint. To better understand the inconsistencies, we evaluated the seasonal cycles of global AM tendency and water vapor source (evaporation minus precipitation). The results suggest that the inconsistencies result from the poor balance between global AM tendency and water vapor source based on the global AM budget equation. Moreover, the cross-equatorial dry air mass ?ux, or hemispheric dry mass divergence, is not well represented in any of the 20 CMIP5 models, which show a poorly matched seasonal cycle and notably larger amplitude, compared with the hemispheric tendencies of dry AM in both the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. Pronounced erroneous estimations of tropical precipitation also occur in these models. We speculate that the large inaccuracy of precipitation and possibly evaporation in the tropics is one of the key factors for the inconsistent cross-equatorial mass ?ux. A reasonable cross-equatorial mass ?ux in well-balanced hemispheric air mass and moisture budgets remains a challenge for both reanalysis assimilation systems and climate modeling.  相似文献